IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


|^|2B     ■2.5 

1.1    i.-^'" 


11.25 


I 


J& 


1^1^ 


7] 


7 


05^ 


'/ 


/^ 


PhotDgraphic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


93  WEST  MAIN  STREfT 

WEBSTM.N.Y.  14510 

(716)  •72-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notos/Notas  techniques  et  bibllographlquas 


The  institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibllographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


H   Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagte 


□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  peliiculAe 

□   Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

□   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

□   Coloured  inic  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReilA  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  inttrieure 

Blanic  leaves  added  during  restoration  msy 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
il  se  peut  que  certeines  peges  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
meis,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  Att  filmAes. 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppiimentaires: 


L'Instltut  a  microfilm^  le  mellleur  exempiaire 
qu'il  lul  a  4tA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cat  exempiaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthodo  normale  de  fiimage 
sont  IndlquAs  ci-dessous. 


r~|   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  aamaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  peilicuiies 

□   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dAcoiortes,  tachet^es  ou  piqutes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Adition  disponible 


j     I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obsrurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  At4  film^es  i  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th 
to 


Th 
pa 
of 
fll( 


Or 
be 
th( 
sic 
oti 
fir 
sic 
or 


Th 
sh 
Til 
wl 

M< 
dil 
en 
be 
rifl 
re« 
mi 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checlced  below/ 

Ce  document  est  *i-vn6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  /     22X 


12X 


16X 


7" 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


28X 


3 


32X 


Th«  copy  fllm«d  h«r«  has  b««n  r«produc«d  thanks 
to  tha  ganaroslty  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archival  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  filmi  fut  raproduit  grAca  A  la 
gAnArottitA  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
poaaibia  consldaring  tha  condition  and  laglblilty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif icatlons. 


Original  copias  In  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  jnding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  lllustratad  impras- 
slon,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  approprlata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  lllustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuwtratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  ^^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  applias. 


Las  imagas  sulvantas  ont  AtA  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  l'axamplaira  filmA,  at  an 
conformitA  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Las  axamplairaa  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  •n 
papiar  ast  imprimAa  sont  filmAs  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commandant  par  la 
premiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  taiia 
amprainta. 

Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darnlAra  image  da  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  es 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcesssire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

^ 
/ 


R" 


'^, 


3--^ 


JL 


l^^^i 


■•    tl 


^f'*- 


* 


>  >         I 


•,l..''f 


.'l 


*  'i   -'^    ^ 


'.>'" 


V 


-t-/1'''~ 


,/ 


^4 


i  '  -*.--- 


f    /    ' 


^  f  -^^S/V  '^^PpV;,;^ ;.. H^ 


i 


Article  XII.— A  ROCK  PAINTING  OF  THE  THOMPSON 
RIVER  INDIANS,  BRITISH  COJ.UMHIA. 


By  Jamks  Teit. 


Edited,  from  notes  rf  the  collector,  by  Franz  Boas. 

In  the  interior  of  British  Cohimbia  numerous  rock  paintings 
are  found,  most  of  which  are  laid  on  in  red  ochre.  Many  of 
these  have  the  appearance  of  having  been  made  (juite  recently. 
Mr.  James  Teit  has  had  the  gcod  fortune  to  find  one  near  Spence's 
Bridge,  B.  C,  which  the  Indians  were  able  to  explain  in  detail. 

According  to  the  custom  of  the  Thompson  River  Indians,  who 
form  a  branch  of  the  Salishaw.  family,  girls  on  reaching  maturity 
must  retire  to  the  hills  where  they  undergo  a  long  ceremony  of 
purification  and  make  offerings  to  secure  good  luck.  At  the  end 
of  this  j)eriod  they  record  their  offerings  and  the  ceremonies  that 
they  have  performed  on  a  boulder.  The  subjects  of  these  records 
are  therefore  identical  in  many  cases,  and  all  tl  e  women  of  the 
tribe  are  able  to  interpret  their  meaning.  Mr.  Teit  found  a 
boulder  of  this  sort  near  Skaitok,'  about  one  mile  northeast  of 
Spence's  Bridge.  It  is  partly  imbedded  in  the  ground  and  faces 
northward  and  southward.  The  paintings  are  all  on  the  south 
side.  The  size  of  the  boulder  is  about  six  feet  square,  and  it 
rises  to  a  height  of  four  feet  above  the  ground.  The  paintings 
occupy  a  space  about  53^  feet  by  4  feet  in  size. 

The  explanations  were  given  by  VVaxtko,"  an  old  woman  living 
at  Spence's  Bridge.  In  giving  her  explanations  she  stated  that 
she  had  made  paintings  of  tiie  same  character  when  undergoing 
the  ceremonial  of  purification  at  the  time  when  she  reached  matu- 
rity, and  that  she  was  perfectly  familiar  with  the  meanings  of  ail 
the  designs.  According  to  her  statement  the  paintings  were 
made  by  various  girls  at  the  time  when  they  reached  maturity. 
This  is  borne  out  by  the  appearance  of  the  paintings,  some  of 
which  are  tpiite  fresh,  vhile  others  appear  old  and  indistinct. 


'  li^o  in  (ierm.^ii  7>oll. 

'*  X  aspirate  guttural,  like  c/i  in  Scotch  loch. 

[227] 


£3:^768 


2  28   Bulletin  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.   [Vol.  VIII, 


In  order  to  facilitate  description  1  have  numbered  the  paint- 
ings, and  when  it  seemed  desirable,  separated  the  individual  figures 
by  broken  lines. 

Fig.  I. — The  crossing  of  two  trails.  At  such  places  girls  used 
to  bury  part  of  the  food  they  were  given  after  having  fasted  four 
days  at  the  beginning  of  the  period  of  purification. 

Fig.  2. — Crossing  of  trails  ;  see  Fig.  i. 

Fig.  3. — Four  fir  branches,  such  as  the  girl  had  to  deposit  at 
the  entrance  of  her  lodge,  which  was  built  of  three  or  four  fir 
branches.  The  horizontal  line  connecting  the  three  branches  at 
the  left  hand  side  indicates  that  they  were  placed  near  each  other. 

Fig.  4. — A  fir  branch  the  needles  of  which  have  been  plucked 
off  ;  used  as  an  offering.  The  girls  pluck  the  needles  one  by  one, 
that  their  fingers  may  become  nimble,  and  that  they  may  not  grow 
tired  by  the  work  that  will  be  her  share  in  life. 

Fig.  5. — A  girl's  lodge,  made  of  fir  branches.  The  lower  por- 
tion of  the  figure  up  to  the  dotted  line  represents  fir  branches 
that  hang  down  from  the  roof  of  the  lodge.  The  girl  jilucks  the 
needles  from  these  one  by  one.  The  top  of  the  figure  represents 
the  roof  of  the  lodge,  or  the  fir  branches  placed  in  front  of  the 
entrance,  like  Fig.  3. 

Figs.  6,  7,  8. — Crossing  of  trails  ;   see  Fig.  i. 

Fig.  9. — A  fir  branch  ;  see  Fig.  3. 

Fig.  10. — The  explainer  was  in  doubt  if  this  figure  was  a  poor 
representation  of  a  fir  branch — it  will  be  noticed  that  the  short 
central  line  at  the  base  is  missing — or  if  it  meant  a  trench  with  a 
fir  branch  at  each  end.  (iirls  used  to  dig  trenches  in  order  to 
attain  skill  and  endurance  in  digging  roots  and  doing  hard  work 
of  all  kinds. 

Fig.  II. — The  cross  line  on  top  of  this  figure  and  the  two 
downward  lines  to  the  right  represent  the  roof  of  a  fir  lodge.  The 
long  line  with  the  short  diverging  lines  at  its  lower  end  rep- 
resent a  fir  branch  which  is  suspended  from  the  roof  of  the  lodge, 
the  needles  of  which  have  been  plucked  off ;  see  Fig.  5. 

Fig.  12. — A  snake,  which  had  probably  formed  the  subject  of 
one  of  the  girl's  dreams. 


[896.1 


Teit,  Indian  Rock  Painting. 


229 


\^  t 


u 
n 


Q 

z 

K 
III 

c< 

z 

o 


o 
s 
H 

o 
2 


5 

•Jt. 
O 

o 


li 


230   Bulletin  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  [Vol.  VIII,] 

Fig.  13. — The  two  long  lines  which  cross  at  right  angles  repre- 
sent the  crossing  of  trails.  The  four  short  lines  which  run  down- 
ward from  the  horizontal  line  represent  four  sticks  that  are  placed 
at  the  crossing  as  an  offering.  The  longer  line  to  the  right  with 
its  two  diverging  branches  represents  a  fir  branch  that  is  also 
placed  at  the  crossing. 

Fig.  14. — The  unfinished  edge  of  a  mat  or  of  some  other  kind 
of  basketry  work.  Girls  had  to  make,  during  the  period  of  isola- 
tion, small  mats  and  baskets  in  order  to  become  expert  in  this  line 
of  work.  The  painting  represents  work  of  this  kind  that  the  girl 
has  done. 

Fig.  15, — Crossing  of  trails  ;  see  Fig,  i. 

Fig,  16. — Either  two  trenches  (see  Fig.  10),  or  two  sticks  given 
as  an  offering,  or  simply  the  numeral  two  (2)  having  reference  to 
the  snake  (Fig,  12),  or  to  another  of  the  surrounding  figures. 

Fig,  17, — A  fir  branch  ;  see  Fig.  3. 

Fig.  18, — The  unfinished  edge  of  a  mat ;  see  P'ig,  14. 

Fig,  19, — An  animal,  probably  a  dog,  which  had  formed  the 
subject  of  one  of  the  girls*  dreams. 

Fig,  20. — A  fir  branch  ;  see  Fig,  3, 

Fig,  21, — A  fir  branch  ;  see  Fig.  3. 

Fig.  22. — An  animal,  probably  a  dog,  which  had  formed  the 
subject  of  one  of  the  girls'  dreams. 

Fig.  23. — The  unfinished  edge  of  a  mat ;  see  Fig.  14. 

Fig.  24. — A  fir  branch ;  see  Fig.  3. 

Fig.  25. — The  upper  part  of  this  figure  represents  the  crossing 
of  trails.  The  branches  farther  down  represent  fir  branches  set 
up  as  offerings  at  the  crossing. 

Fig,  26, — The  unfinished  edge  of  a  mat ;  see  Fig.  14. 

Fig.  27. — A  fir  branch  ;  see  Fig.  3. 

Fig.  28. — Either  a  fir  branch  or  an  imperfect  representation  of 
a  fir  lodge. 


1^ 

i 


t 


'.h\ 


